奧瑪國際翻譯社

商業契約翻譯

 

契約是以雙方當事人互相對立合致的意思表示所構成的，其中包括要約及承諾兩個基本的意思表示。要約是表意人所發出，欲得到相對人承諾而發生一定私法上效力的意思表示。承諾則是針對要約所為的肯定答覆，承諾的內容必須和該要約的內容完全一致，否則即為新要約而非承諾。應與要約區分的是要約之引誘，其並非意思表示，而是觀念通知，為準法律行為之一種，不生要約拘束力。

 

契約（或合約），是雙方當事人基於意思表示合致而成立的法律行為，為私法自治的主要表現。一般而言，契約是指私法上的法律行為，可分為債權契約（例如買賣）、物權契約（例如所有權移轉登記）及身分契約（例如結婚）等，不過在公法上也可能存在契約關係（例如 行政契約）。在民法上，狹義的契約（即債權契約）為債之發生的原因之一，而一般僅稱契約時所指稱者也多屬債權契約。契約行為並不等於「契約書」，一份契約書中可能包含不只一個契約行為；契約行為也不以做成書面為必要，契約原則上為諾成且不要物的法律行為，只有在例外情形，基於特殊考量（例如公益）時法律會明文要求。

 

契約是以雙方當事人互相對立合致的意思表示所構成的，其中包括要約及承諾兩個基本的意思表示。要約是表意人所發出，欲得到相對人承諾而發生一定私法上效力的意思表示。承諾則是針對要約所為的肯定答覆，承諾的內容必須和該要約的內容完全一致，否則即為新要約而非承諾。應與要約區分的是要約之引誘，其並非意思表示，而是觀念通知，為準法律行為之一種，不生要約拘束力。

 

Contract translation terminology and concepts

 

In common law legal systems, a contract (or informally known as an agreement in some jurisdictions) is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation.

 

A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur. The word promise can be used as a legal synonym for contract although care is required as a promise may not have the full standing of a contract, as when it is an agreement without consideration.

 

Contracts are widely used in commercial law, and form the legal foundation for transactions across the world. Common examples include construction contracts, product purchases (with associated warranties of quality), software licenses, employment contracts, insurance policies, real estate deeds to transfer title, professional services, wholesalemerchandise supply, and various other uses.

 

Online contracts have become common. E-signature laws have made the electronic contract and signature as legally valid as a paper contract. It has been estimated that roughly 110 electronic contracts are signed every second.